Copper-Coated Steel Fibers: Hybrid Conductive Reinforcements for Advanced Composites steel fiber suppliers

Dec 03,2025 by No Comments

1. Material Structure and Interfacial Engineering

1.1 Core-Shell Structure and Bonding Mechanism


(Copper-Coated Steel Fibers)

Copper-coated steel fibers (CCSF) are composite filaments including a high-strength steel core wrapped up by a conductive copper layer, creating a metallurgically bonded core-shell design.

The steel core, generally low-carbon or stainless steel, supplies mechanical robustness with tensile staminas surpassing 2000 MPa, while the copper layer– typically 2– 10% of the complete size– imparts superb electric and thermal conductivity.

The user interface in between steel and copper is crucial for efficiency; it is crafted through electroplating, electroless deposition, or cladding procedures to make certain solid attachment and very little interdiffusion under operational anxieties.

Electroplating is one of the most usual method, providing accurate density control and uniform insurance coverage on continuous steel filaments attracted via copper sulfate bathrooms.

Correct surface pretreatment of the steel, including cleaning, pickling, and activation, ensures optimum nucleation and bonding of copper crystals, avoiding delamination throughout subsequent handling or service.

Over time and at raised temperatures, interdiffusion can form fragile iron-copper intermetallic stages at the interface, which may jeopardize adaptability and lasting dependability– an obstacle mitigated by diffusion barriers or fast handling.

1.2 Physical and Functional Feature

CCSFs incorporate the very best characteristics of both basic metals: the high elastic modulus and exhaustion resistance of steel with the exceptional conductivity and oxidation resistance of copper.

Electrical conductivity generally varies from 15% to 40% of International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS), relying on finish density and purity, making CCSF dramatically more conductive than pure steel fibers (

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